On 17 June 2021, IMO adopted the recommendations of MEPC 76 (Marine
Environment Protection committee). The GHG reduction strategy proposed
sets out short, medium, and long terms measures. These in turn have
resulted in new requirements for shipowners, both for existing ships and
new ships which are yet to be designed. For new ships, the concept of
EEDI (Energy Efficiency Design Index) has been introduced which is
basically a ratio of the “environmental cost” divided by the “benefit to
the society”. Throughout the useful life of the ship, EEDI will be
cross-referenced by EEOI (Energy Efficiency operational Index) which
will need to be improved each operational year by a certain factor.
EEXI (Energy Efficiency Existing Ship Index):
The requirement for all existing ships to be EEXI compliant will be
mandatory by 1 January 2023. To be compliant by that date, it means
ship’s owners must start working without delay to meet these
requirements so that compliance can be obtained.
Since 2019, all ships are having to report certain parameters as for
the fuel type, consumption, sludge generation, sulfur content, and
other mandatory information. This forms the basis of reduction
required under EEXI since this information is available to all
interested parties.
The requirements are clear and concise:
STEP 1:
Determine EEXI for each individual vessel
Ships must at first collect all the documentation needed:
NOx Technical Files of A/E and M/E
Lightweight Certificate or Inclining Test Report
Trim & Stability Booklet
Model Test Report
Speed test from Sea Trial Report
EEDI Technical File (if available)
STEP 2:
Analyze the potential measures
In order to decide how to achieve the EEXI. The potential measures
suggested by the industry yet are:
Propulsion optimizations
Engine optimizations
Energy efficiency technologies
Engine Power Limitation (EPL)
Operational efficiency measures
Just in time arrivals and departures from ports
Hull and appendage modifications to improve on losses
Use of hybrid/renewable energy technologies
STEP 3:
Install the potential measures
To do that, owners/operators must develop a well laid out plan as to
service providers, cost/benefit analysis, out of service periods,
analyzing the claimed efficiency improvement versus the actually
attained benefits.
STEP 4:
Create/Update EEXI Technical File
After each intervention, EEXI Technical File has to be
created/updated, which will contain:
EEXI calculation according to calculation guideline
EEXI Technical file according to EEXI calculation guideline
All documentation from improvement measure
Updating of all changes/interventions.
After the Final EEXI Technical File is submitted and approved, an onboard survey will take place and a new IEEC will be issued.
CII (Carbon Intensity Indicator):
Along with the EEXI, the Carbon Intensity Indicator (CII) will enter
into force from 2023. CII is defined as CO2 emissions per transport task
(CO2/dwt x nautical mile). It is calculated based on a vessel’s
mandatory annual fuel report to the IMO.
Based on this, vessels will be rated from A (best) to E (worst). This
rating can have a direct effect on the vessel’s commercial value, in
terms of fuel efficiency, charter value, insurance, port fees, and
depreciation. Ships rated D for three consecutive years or rated E will
have to plan to improve their rating or scrap the vessel.
The CII applies to all ships above 5,000 GT of the following ships
types: bulk carriers, gas carriers, tankers, container ships, general
cargo ships, refrigerated cargo carriers, combination carriers, LNG
carriers, vehicle carriers, Ro-Ro cargo vessels, Ro-Ro passenger
vessels, and cruise ships.
For different ship segments, the CII is based on different ways of
measuring the carbon footprint of the transport work. The Annual
Efficiency Ratio (AER) and capacity gross ton distance (cgDist) are
two such CIIs using different units. AER (emission per dwt-mile) is
used for segments where the cargo is weight critical, and cgDist
(emissions per gross ton-miles) for volume-critical cargo.
The EEXI is a one-time certification equivalent to the EEDI (Energy
Efficiency Design Index) phase 2 or 3 concerning design parameters of
the vessels. The CII is an operational indicator and will be assessed
annually from 2023 with yearly stricter emission limits. The EEXI and
CII are applicable to the same ship types.
The difference is that CII ratings will apply to ships 5,000 GT and
above regardless of propulsion type.
A strengthening of the SEEMP (enhanced SEEMP) to include mandatory
content is a part of the CII regulation. The intention is to ensure
continuous improvement of energy efficiency and lower carbon
intensity. The enhanced SEEMP shall include an implementation plan on
how to achieve the CII targets, and it will also be subject to
approval and company audits.
The CII is based directly on fuel consumption, which is influenced by
how a specific ship is operated in combination with its technical
efficiency and fuel. Its value will be affected by the type of fuel
used, the efficiency of the vessel, and operational parameters such as
vessel speed, cargo transported, weather conditions, and the general
condition of the vessel (e.g. biofouling).
An owner can control the CII by optimizing operations and ensuring
vessels are in a good condition.
The targets of CII reduction are as follows:
The year 2019 Fuel consumption : DATUM
The year 2023 : 5% reduction from Datum in fuel consumption
Then 2% reduction till 2026 i.e., 11% reduction from 2019 datum.
2027-2030 goals are yet to be decided.
It is indicated by IMO that in 2026, the results of short-term
measures for GHG reduction (2023-2026) will be reviewed, and there
will be a new set of targets issued for the medium term. These targets
will also depend upon the results of the efforts to develop
carbon-neutral fuels, new and emerging technologies using fuel cells,
evolution of alternative and renewable energy solutions etc.
It should be clear from above, that the operating environment is
heading for a big change. Owners/operators must act now proactively,
or risk getting behind regulatory compliance.
Our MEPC-76 Compliance package includes fuel savings and vessel
optimization using XTREMENAVIGATOR and XTREME TUNEUP in addition to
EEDI/EEXI calculations and updating SEEMP/Technical files.
The above is a real life vessel (1986 built) running on our full MEPC
Package. The results and fuel savings are very much in line with IMO CII
reduction targets, thus this vessel and it’s sister vessel will not have
any problems in maintaining “A” status in 2023 till 2026 period